Adult Neurogenic Dysphagia: Disorders and Conditions that Disrupt Swallowing
Dr. Hamdy was the recipient of the IFFGD 2005 Junior Investigator, Clinical Science Research Award. His most recent research has focused on understanding the central neural control of GI motor function, with a specific interest in swallowing and its disorders after brain injury.
Summary
Dysphagia is a disorder characterized by difficulty swallowing. When swallowing is disrupted, the consequences can be devastating, with complications such as malnutrition, entry (aspiration) of gastric or foreign material into the respiratory tract, and the associated problems of being unable to eat. The implications of swallowing difficulty are therefore of considerable medical importance to health workers of all disciplines.
Neurogenic dysphagia is a common, often under-diagnosed, problem of major clinical importance. Emphasis on early detection and appropriate treatment is crucial for the well being of the patient, in whom this condition can be distressing and life threatening. Well-trained health care professionals, especially nursing staff, are important if improvements in the management of patients with dysphagia are to be attained.
Causes of adult neurogenic dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing can occur as consequence of disease to either the organs and muscles involved in swallowing, or more commonly to the central nervous system controlling swallowing (neurogenic dysphagia). Anatomical problems, which disrupt swallowing, include many gastrointestinal disease processes from the mouth through to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Assessment of swallowing in neurogenic dysphagia
Dysphagia is arguably one of the most serious deficits in function that can result from neurological damage. The consequences may, at best, hinder a person’s recovery to normal function, and at worst, be life-threatening. Neurogenic dysphagia can also lead to complications. In view of these issues, the management of neurogenic dysphagia becomes critical.